ARMATUR : Artikel Teknik Mesin & Manufaktur

Identifikasi Energi Kalor Pada Proses Pengeringan Biji Jagung dan Gabah Dalam Alat Pengering Tipe Silinder Putar

2026-10-06T09:22:33+07:00

The grain drying process requires stable temperature control so that heat transfer and water evaporation can occur effectively. This study aims to identify the heat energy in the drying process of corn and paddy grains using a rotary cylinder type dryer equipped with a temperature control system. Testing was carried out on 1 kg of corn and paddy grains with setpoint temperature variations of 50°C, 55°C, and 60°C for 1 hour. Calibration results showed that the K-type thermocouple sensor had an average error of 1.52%, making it suitable for temperature measurement in the drying system. The average time to reach a temperature of 60 °C from an initial temperature of 36 °C was 13.13 minutes for 1 kg of corn and 12.84 minutes for 1 kg of paddy. The evaporation rate increased with rising temperature, reaching its highest value of 0.73 g/minute at 60 °C for both materials. Drying efficiency also increased with rising temperature, with the highest values being 30.06% for corn and 29.99% for paddy at 60 °C. The results of this study indicate that increasing temperature has a more consistent effect on the evaporation rate and drying efficiency compared to extending the drying time.

Variasi Kecepatan Putaran Spindle Untuk Optimasi Pemakaian Energi Listrik Pada Bench Drill Ixion BT 25

2026-10-06T11:34:48+07:00

Electrical energy consumption in machine tools is an important aspect of machining process efficiency. This study aims to analyze the effect of spindle speed variations on electrical energy consumption in the Ixion BT 25 Bench Drill and determine the spindle speed that provides more optimal energy use. Tests were conducted on S45C carbon steel using drill bits with diameters of 8 mm, 12 mm, and 17 mm at various spindle speeds. Electrical energy consumption was determined based on power and drilling time for each spindle speed variation. The results showed that increasing spindle speed tended to reduce electrical energy consumption for all three drill bit diameters. At 200 rpm, energy consumption was relatively high due to the longer drilling time. Increasing spindle speed shortened the drilling time, thereby reducing energy consumption. The spindle speed of 2250 rpm provided the most optimal energy use, with consumption values of 0.000296 kWh for the 8 mm drill bit, 0.000350 kWh for the 12 mm drill bit, and 0.000414 kWh for the 17 mm drill bit. Therefore, increasing spindle speed within the tested range showed a tendency to reduce electrical energy consumption during the drilling process.

Analysis of the Effect of Current Variation and Pipe-to-Plate Joint Design on the Hardness of Fuel Oil Tank Piping in Tugboats

2026-10-17T14:45:32+07:00

The pipe to plate welded joint in the fuel oil tank line of a tug boat plays an important role in maintaining the reliability of the fuel system, so that welded joint quality, particularly its hardness, must be controlled through the selection of appropriate welding parameters. This study aims to analyze the effect of welding current variation in Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) and joint design on the hardness distribution of pipe to plate welded joints. The materials used were Seamless ASTM A106 Grade B pipe and SS400 plate, joined using E6013 filler electrode with an E7016 LB-52U root pass, at welding current variations of 60 A, 75 A, and 90 A, combined with single bevel and non bevel joint designs. Hardness testing was performed using the Vickers method at the base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ), and weld metal (WM) regions. The results show that the weld metal consistently exhibited the highest hardness across all current variations and joint designs, reaching 183.86 HV for the single bevel joint and 187.03 HV for the non bevel joint, both at 90 A. The non bevel joint design produced a more stable hardness distribution than the single bevel design. It is concluded that welding current variation and joint design significantly affect the hardness distribution of pipe to plate welded joints.

Perencanaan Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) Dengan Jalur Slope 5o Dengan Kecepatan 20 M/Menit

2026-10-26T13:46:51+07:00

AGV works automatically by using sensors. In general, AGV consists of mechanical, electrical and electronic systems. The AGV work system uses a guide where the AGV runs following the guide, one of the guides is a magnetic tape that is planned according to the path needed to move the material. Where the sensor reads the magnetic tape which is then sent to the system to move the motor so that movement occurs. This study designed an AGV that works with a path that has a 5O incline. From the results of the study, a motor power of 200 Watts was obtained with 2 drive motors at a torque of 15 Nm with an efficiency level of 85%. LiFePO4 battery with a voltage of 48 Volts that works for 8 hours and the heat generated is 66.45 OC which is still safe for type F motor insulation. AGV works at a speed of 60 rpm.

Analisis respons mekanik torsional dan deformasi stem ball valve 4” Class 1500 RTJ material XM-19 pada fase transisi closed-to-open

2026-10-27T17:03:47+07:00

The reliability of ultra-high-pressure fluid control instruments in the oil and gas piping sector is a critical parameter to ensure operational safety and environmental sustainability. This study aims to analyze the torsional mechanical response, angular twist deformation characteristics, and equivalent von Mises stress distribution on a 4-inch Class 1500 RTJ ball valve stem made of UNS S20910 (XM-19 / Nitronic 50) stainless steel during the critical closed-to-open transition phase (breakaway torque). The evaluation was conducted using a combined approach of classical analytical mechanics and multi-step non-linear Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in ANSYS Student 2026R1. Actual material properties obtained from the Material Test Certificate (MTC No. 2023051702) with a yield strength of 435 MPa were incorporated. The analytical results indicated a maximum shear stress of 218.50 MPa, while the FEA simulation (optimum mesh 5.5 mm) recorded a peak von Mises stress of 402.14 MPa (maximum shear stress of 231.85 MPa) concentrated at the keyway fillet transition region. Model validation produced a relative deviation of +6.11%, complying with the ASME V&V 20 criteria (under 10%). The structural integrity evaluation confirmed that the peak stress remained below the yield strength with a Safety Factor of 1.082 (SF > 1.0), satisfying the drive train requirements of API 6D. Although the angular twist deformation of 1.0328° is macroscopically safe, the hydrostatic thrust force (311.17 kN) induces local micro-tilting, which acts as the primary mechanism for scratch formation on the sealing surface.

Kaji CFD Efek Temperatur dan Kecepatan Aliran Uap terhadap Performa Termal dan Hidrodinamik Mesin Retort

2026-11-01T14:52:46+07:00

Sterilization using retort machines plays an important role in the food industry by ensuring product safety while extending shelf life. The effectiveness of the sterilization process is influenced by the uniformity of temperature distribution and steam flow characteristics within the retort chamber. This study aims to evaluate the effects of temperature and steam flow velocity on the thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of a retort machine and to determine operating conditions that support optimal heat transfer. The study employed the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method by varying the inlet temperature from 115 to 123°C and the steam flow velocity from 2 to 10 m/s. The analysis focused on surface temperature, heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer rate, temperature distribution, and pressure drop. The results showed that increasing the operating temperature increased the retort surface temperature from 175.965°C to 189.545°C, the heat transfer coefficient from 5.88–5.99 to 6.67–6.74 W/m².°C, and the heat transfer rate from approximately 1320 to 1371 W/m². Increasing the steam flow velocity to 10 m/s also improved heat distribution but resulted in a higher pressure drop of approximately 4.272–4.309 Pa. These findings can be utilized as a basis for determining and optimizing retort operating conditions to improve heat transfer effectiveness and support a more optimal food sterilization process.

Rancang Bangun Skuter Listrik Berdaya 36 V 12,6 Ah Menggunakan Metode Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) 2222

2026-11-01T14:34:38+07:00

The development of electric vehicles is one strategy to reduce air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and reliance on fossil fuels. This study aimed to design and construct a 36 V electric scooter prototype with a 12.6 Ah battery capacity using the VDI 2222 methodology. The research employed literature review, engineering design, and experimental methods. The research stages included task planning, conceptual design, form design, detailed design, component selection, fabrication, assembly, and performance testing. Key components included a 36 V 500 W brushed DC motor, a 36 V 500 W Controller, a 36 V 12.6 Ah Lithium-ion battery, and an ASTM A36 carbon steel frame. Concept evaluation identified Variant 2 as the optimal design, achieving a score of 42 out of 64 (65%). Frame simulation with a 75 kg (750 N) rider load yielded a maximum stress of 44.090 N/mm², a moment of 108,165.23 Nmm, and a deflection of 1.56 mm. Performance testing indicated power requirements of 2,786.7 W for a 30° incline, 2,723.60 W for a 45° incline, and 507.45 W for flat terrain. The results demonstrate that the VDI 2222 method facilitates a systematic electric scooter design process and yields a fully functional prototype. The design offers further potential for development—specifically regarding motor capacity, drive system efficiency, frame durability, and battery capacity—to better meet power demands across various road conditions

Design and Manufacture of a Portable Grass Chopping Machine Equipped with a Conveyor System to Enhance Livestock Feed Efficiency

2026-11-01T15:00:41+07:00

Manual chopping of forage crops is time-consuming and yields inconsistent particle sizes, which leads to livestock sorting behavior and significant feed waste. This study aimed to design, manufacture, and evaluate a portable grass chopping machine integrated with an automatic conveyor system to enhance livestock feed production efficiency. The machine features a 4x4 cm angle iron frame, a 5.5 HP Tesla engine, four High-Speed Steel (HSS) blades, and a 120 cm PVC conveyor belt loop. Performance tests utilized three initial no-load speeds of 1,537 RPM, 2,454 RPM, and 3,543 RPM to analyze rotation drops from shock loads, processing capacity, and mechanical efficiency. Results indicated that optimal performance was achieved at 3,543 RPM. Under this condition, the flywheel effect minimized the rotation drop to 3,453 RPM, yielding the highest mechanical efficiency of 97.45%. This speed achieved a production capacity of 9.605 kg/minute, consuming 1.5 Liters/hour. High rotational speed and sharp HSS blades produced uniform grass clippings ranging from 5 mm to 20 mm. This short length improves feed palatability and facilitates easier compacting during anaerobic fermented silage production. Overall, the portable conveyor-system chopper proved highly effective in reducing labor and multiplying production efficiency.

Evaluasi Efisiensi dan Keandalan Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) Sebelum dan Sesudah Turn Around pada Critical Equipment dengan Kajian Ekonomi

2026-11-04T07:55:35+07:00

Geothermal Power Plants provide reliable baseload electricity and are essential for supporting Indonesia’s renewable energy transition. However, long-term operation may cause performance degradation of critical equipment, resulting in reduced efficiency, reliability, and productivity. This study evaluates the impact of Turn Around (TA) maintenance on the efficiency, reliability, and economic performance of Kamojang Unit 4 Geothermal Power Plant with an installed capacity of 60 MW. A quantitative comparative approach was employed using actual operational data collected before and after Turn Around implementation. The evaluated parameters included output power, turbine efficiency, condenser performance, cooling tower effectiveness, Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF), Mean Time To Repair (MTTR), Equivalent Availability Factor (EAF), Equivalent Forced Outage Rate (EFOR), energy production, Capacity Factor, Cost of Downtime, and revenue. The results show that output power increased from 53.44 MW to 59.19 MW (10.76%), while turbine efficiency improved from 71.59% to 78.51%. Cooling tower effectiveness increased from 61.52% to 82.78%. Reliability performance also improved significantly, with MTBF increasing by 135.78%, MTTR decreasing by 75.17%, EAF increasing from 95.97% to 99.84%, and EFOR decreasing from 3.15% to 0.28%. These improvements resulted in an 8.52% increase in net energy production, additional revenue of IDR 61.69 billion, and a 90.94% reduction in Cost of Downtime.

Numerical Investigation of the Comparison Between XHD 1 and HD 2 Bus Designs on Aerodynamics by Varying Fluid Flow Speeds

2026-11-04T10:37:57+07:00

Aerodynamic drag is a factor that affects the energy efficiency and stability of buses during operation. The proportional design of a bus plays an important role in improving aerodynamic performance, as it determines the magnitude of aerodynamic drag, fuel consumption, and vehicle stability during road operation. A numerical investigation comparing the aerodynamic performance of the Bus XHD 1 and HD 2 designs is proposed in this study. Airflow velocities of 100 km/h, 110 km/h, 120 km/h, 130 km/h, and 140 km/h were investigated. The results show that the Bus HD 2 design demonstrates better aerodynamic performance, with the drag coefficient (Cd) decreasing from 0.943 to 0.743 and the lift coefficient (Cl) decreasing from 0.127 to 0.118. These results indicate that the Bus HD 2 design has the potential to be recommended for fabrication and manufacturing in the coachbuilding industry and can be considered a more proportionally optimized bus design.