Analisa Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi, Budaya Kerja Mempengaruhi Kinerja Dan Dimediasi Komitmen Pada Rumah Sakit Jayakarta
Keywords:
Leadership Style, Motivation and Culture, Commitment and Performance
Abstract
The leadership style of a business venture is important for the sustainability and development of climate, and employee performance. The problems in hospitals seen from the pre-survey showed that leadership style is 69%, employee satisfaction is 59%, employee motivation is 55%, the culture planned by the organization is 60% implemented by employees, organizational commitment is 60% and employee performance is 62%. For this reason, this research will examine transformational leadership style, intrinsic motivation, organizational culture, employee commitment, and performance. The research method is surveyed and quantitative research. Data was collected through questionnaires to capture latent variables—sampling applied purposive sampling, namely employees who have worked for more than one year. The analysis tool used was SEM with the Lisrel program, the research sample was 157 respondents consisting of 87 women and 70 men aged 24-39 years. The research results imply that employee performance is mediated by commitment, commitment is influenced by leadership style, and leadership and organizational culture directly influence employee performance.
References
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Chirtina, F dan Ruswanti, E. (2022). Pengaruh kepemimpinan etis dan Motivasi terhadap Komitmen Organisasi dan Keterlibatan karyawan. Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia
Choong, Y., & Wong, K.-L. (2011). Intrinsic Motivation and Organizational Commitment in the Malaysian Private Higher Education Institutions : an Empirical Study. International Refereed Research Journal, II (4), 91.
Darajat, L. N., & Rosyidah, . (2013). Hubungan Budaya Organisasi Dengan Komitmen Organisasi Perawat Bagian Rawat Inap Kelas Ii Dan Iii Rumah Sakit Pku Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Health), 6(2). https://doi.org/10.12928/kesmas.v6i2.1058
Daugherty Biddison, E. L., Paine, L., Murakami, P., Herzke, C., & Weaver, S. J. (2016). Associations between safety culture and employee engagement over time: A retrospective analysis. BMJ Quality and Safety, 25 (1), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2014-003910
DeConinck, J. B. (2015). Outcomes of ethical leadership among salespeople. Journal of Business Research, 68 (5), 1086–1093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.10.011
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Herzberg. (1966). Work and The Nature of Man. New York: Work Publishing Co.
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Kuvaas, B., Buch, R., Weibel, A., Dysvik, A., & Nerstad, C. G. L. (2017). Does intrinsic and extrinsic motivation relate differently to employee outcomes? Journal of Economic Psychology, 61, 244–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2017.05.004
Malhotra, N.K., & Dash, S. (2016). Marketing Research an Applied Orientation (7th ed.). Chennai: Pearson India Education Services
Mahsud, R., Prussia, G., & Yukl, G. (2010). Leader empathy, ethical leadership, and relations-oriented behaviors as antecedents of leader-member exchange quality. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(6), 561–577. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941011056932
Mondy, R. W, & Robert M. Noe. (1995). Human Resource Management Mc Graw Hill Book Co, New
Nongo, E. S., & Ikyanyon, D. N. (2012). The Influence of Corporate Culture on Employee Commitment to the Organization. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(22), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n22p21
Ortiz, D. A. C., Lau, W. K., & Qin, H. (2013). Quantitative analysis of impacts of employee engagement on continuance and normative commitment. International Journal of Services and Standards, 8 (4), 315–331. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSS.2013.058227https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/218301/permenkes-no-13-tahun-2022
Pradhan, R. K., & Jena, L. K. (2017). Employee Performance at Workplace: Conceptual Model and Empirical Validation. Business Perspectives and Research, 5(1), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/2278533716671630
Rantesalu, A., Mus, A. R., Mapparenta, & Arifin, Z. (2016). The Effect Of Organizational Culture On Employee Performance: The Mediating Role Of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Research in Management, 4 (9), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/m7wqs
Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86 (5), 825–836. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.5.825
Robbins SP, dan Judge. 2007. Perilaku Organisasi. Jakarta: Salemba Empat
Sapitri, R. (2016). Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Perusahaan Listrik Negara Area Pekanbaru. Jom Fisip, 3(2), 1–15.
Schaubroeck, J. M., & Hannah, S. T. (2013). DEVELOPING TRUST WITH PEERS AND LEADERS : IMPACTS ON ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTIFICATION AND PERFORMANCE DURING ENTRY University of Western Ontario. Academy of Management Journal, 56 (4), 1148–1168.
Sheraz, A., Afzal, M., & Rehman, K. ur. (2017). Testing a Model of Ethical Leadership , Organizational Commitment and Its Outcomes with Social Exchange as Mediating Variable : A Pakistani Corporate Sector Perspective. Journal of Managerial Sciences - Qurtuba University, 11 (3), 342–370. http://www.qurtuba.edu.pk/jms/JMS Special Edition/5 EBM/17 (AIC-EBM 2017) 343-370 Adil Sheraz.pdf
Sholahudin, A., Setiawan, A., & Alwi, M. (2019). The Influence of Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment and its Implications on the Performance of City Public Service. 306 (Isseh 2018), 206–208.https://doi.org/10.2991/isseh-18.2019.48
Sihombing, S., Astuti, E.S., Al Musadieq, M., Hamied, D. and Rahardjo, K. (2018), "The effect of servant leadership on rewards, organizational culture and its implication for employee’s performance", International Journal of Law and Management, Vol. 60 No. 2, pp. 505-516. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-12-2016-0174
Spell, H. B., Eby, L. T., & Vandenberg, R. J. (2014). Developmental climate: A cross-level analysis of voluntary turnover and job performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84 (3) 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.02.001
Walumbwa, F. O., Morrison, E. W., & Christensen, A. L. (2012). Ethical leadership and group in-role performance: The mediating roles of group conscientiousness and group voice. Leadership Quarterly, 23 (5), 953–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.06.004
Yeh, L. Y., & Ting, S. C. (2014). Teacher loyalty of elementary schools in Taiwan: The contribution of gratitude and relationship quality. School Leadership and Management, 34(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2013.813453
Yousef, D. A. (2000). Organizational commitment: a mediator of the relationships of leadership behavior with job satisfaction and performance in a non‐western country. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(1), 6–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940010305270
Zameer, H., Alireza, S., NISAR, W., & AMIR, M. (2014). The Impact of the Motivation on the Employeeâ's Performance in Beverage Industry of Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarafms/v4-i1/630
Zheng, J., Wu, G., Xie, H. and Li, H. (2019), "Leadership, organizational culture, and innovative behavior in construction projects: The Perspective of behavior-value congruence", International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 888-918. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-04-2018-0068
Zhu, W., Avolio, B. J., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2009). Moderating role of follower characteristics with transformational leadership and follower work engagement. In Group and Organization Management (Vol. 34, Issue 5). https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601108331242
Andrew, A. (2017) Employee Commitment and Its Impact on Organizational Performance DOI 109734/AJEBA/ 2017/38396
Aiyub, Yusuf, E., & Raja. (2021). The Effect of Employee Engagement on Employee Performance with Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable and Perceived Organization Support as a Moderating Variable at The Regional Secretariat of Bireuen District. 10(September), 1–15.
Andika, R., & Darmanto, S. (2020). The Effect of Employee Empowerment and Intrinsic Motivation on Organizational Commitment and Employee Performance. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 18(2), 241–251. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2020.018.02.04
Aryati, A. S., Sudiro, A., Hadiwidjaja, D., & Noermijati, N. (2018). The influence of ethical leadership on deviant workplace behavior mediated by ethical climate and organizational commitment. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(2), 233–249. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2017-0053
Babalola, M. T., Stouten, J., & Euwema, M. (2016). Frequent Change and Turnover Intention: The Moderating Role of Ethical Leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 134(2), 311–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2433-z
Bavik, Y. L., Tang, P. M., Shao, R., & Lam, L. W. (2017). Ethical leadership and employee knowledge sharing: Exploring dual-mediation paths. Leadership Quarterly, 29(2), 322–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.05.006
Brown, M. E., & Mitchell, M. S. (2010). Ethical and Unethical Leadership: Exploring New Avenues for Future Research. Business Ethics Quarterly, 20 (4), 583–616. https://doi.org/10.5840/beq201020439
Chirtina, F dan Ruswanti, E. (2022). Pengaruh kepemimpinan etis dan Motivasi terhadap Komitmen Organisasi dan Keterlibatan karyawan. Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia
Choong, Y., & Wong, K.-L. (2011). Intrinsic Motivation and Organizational Commitment in the Malaysian Private Higher Education Institutions : an Empirical Study. International Refereed Research Journal, II (4), 91.
Darajat, L. N., & Rosyidah, . (2013). Hubungan Budaya Organisasi Dengan Komitmen Organisasi Perawat Bagian Rawat Inap Kelas Ii Dan Iii Rumah Sakit Pku Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Health), 6(2). https://doi.org/10.12928/kesmas.v6i2.1058
Daugherty Biddison, E. L., Paine, L., Murakami, P., Herzke, C., & Weaver, S. J. (2016). Associations between safety culture and employee engagement over time: A retrospective analysis. BMJ Quality and Safety, 25 (1), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2014-003910
DeConinck, J. B. (2015). Outcomes of ethical leadership among salespeople. Journal of Business Research, 68 (5), 1086–1093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.10.011
Denison, D., Nieminen, L., & Kotrba, L. (2014). Diagnosing organizational cultures: A conceptual and empirical review of culture effectiveness surveys. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23 (1), 145–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.713173
Elçi, M., Şener, İ., Aksoy, S., & Alpkan, L. (2012). The Impact of Ethical Leadership and Leadership Effectiveness on Employees’ Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Work-related Stress. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1003
Gibson, James L Dkk. (2006). Organizations behavior, structure, processes. Dallas: Business Pub.
Hakim, A. (2015) Effect of Organizational Culture Organizational commitment to Performance Study in Hospital of District South Konawe of Southeast Sulawesi. The International Journal of Engineering and Science Volume 4 Number 5 pp 33-41
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis. In Pearson (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
Hanaysha, J. (2016). Testing the Effects of Employee Engagement, Work Environment, and Organizational Learning on Organizational Commitment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.07.139
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Pearson New International Edition. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data, 201–225.
Herzberg. (1966). Work and The Nature of Man. New York: Work Publishing Co.
Hilton, S.K., Madilo, W., Awaah, F. and Arkorful, H. (2021), "Dimensions of transformational leadership and organizational performance: The mediating effect of job satisfaction", Management Research Review, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-02-2021-0152
Keating, L. A., & Heslin, P. A. (2015). The potential role of mindsets in unleashing employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 25(4), 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2015.01.008
Kuvaas, B., Buch, R., Weibel, A., Dysvik, A., & Nerstad, C. G. L. (2017). Does intrinsic and extrinsic motivation relate differently to employee outcomes? Journal of Economic Psychology, 61, 244–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2017.05.004
Malhotra, N.K., & Dash, S. (2016). Marketing Research an Applied Orientation (7th ed.). Chennai: Pearson India Education Services
Mahsud, R., Prussia, G., & Yukl, G. (2010). Leader empathy, ethical leadership, and relations-oriented behaviors as antecedents of leader-member exchange quality. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(6), 561–577. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941011056932
Mondy, R. W, & Robert M. Noe. (1995). Human Resource Management Mc Graw Hill Book Co, New
Nongo, E. S., & Ikyanyon, D. N. (2012). The Influence of Corporate Culture on Employee Commitment to the Organization. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(22), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n22p21
Ortiz, D. A. C., Lau, W. K., & Qin, H. (2013). Quantitative analysis of impacts of employee engagement on continuance and normative commitment. International Journal of Services and Standards, 8 (4), 315–331. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSS.2013.058227https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/218301/permenkes-no-13-tahun-2022
Pradhan, R. K., & Jena, L. K. (2017). Employee Performance at Workplace: Conceptual Model and Empirical Validation. Business Perspectives and Research, 5(1), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/2278533716671630
Rantesalu, A., Mus, A. R., Mapparenta, & Arifin, Z. (2016). The Effect Of Organizational Culture On Employee Performance: The Mediating Role Of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Research in Management, 4 (9), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/m7wqs
Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86 (5), 825–836. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.5.825
Robbins SP, dan Judge. 2007. Perilaku Organisasi. Jakarta: Salemba Empat
Sapitri, R. (2016). Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Perusahaan Listrik Negara Area Pekanbaru. Jom Fisip, 3(2), 1–15.
Schaubroeck, J. M., & Hannah, S. T. (2013). DEVELOPING TRUST WITH PEERS AND LEADERS : IMPACTS ON ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTIFICATION AND PERFORMANCE DURING ENTRY University of Western Ontario. Academy of Management Journal, 56 (4), 1148–1168.
Sheraz, A., Afzal, M., & Rehman, K. ur. (2017). Testing a Model of Ethical Leadership , Organizational Commitment and Its Outcomes with Social Exchange as Mediating Variable : A Pakistani Corporate Sector Perspective. Journal of Managerial Sciences - Qurtuba University, 11 (3), 342–370. http://www.qurtuba.edu.pk/jms/JMS Special Edition/5 EBM/17 (AIC-EBM 2017) 343-370 Adil Sheraz.pdf
Sholahudin, A., Setiawan, A., & Alwi, M. (2019). The Influence of Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment and its Implications on the Performance of City Public Service. 306 (Isseh 2018), 206–208.https://doi.org/10.2991/isseh-18.2019.48
Sihombing, S., Astuti, E.S., Al Musadieq, M., Hamied, D. and Rahardjo, K. (2018), "The effect of servant leadership on rewards, organizational culture and its implication for employee’s performance", International Journal of Law and Management, Vol. 60 No. 2, pp. 505-516. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-12-2016-0174
Spell, H. B., Eby, L. T., & Vandenberg, R. J. (2014). Developmental climate: A cross-level analysis of voluntary turnover and job performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84 (3) 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.02.001
Walumbwa, F. O., Morrison, E. W., & Christensen, A. L. (2012). Ethical leadership and group in-role performance: The mediating roles of group conscientiousness and group voice. Leadership Quarterly, 23 (5), 953–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.06.004
Yeh, L. Y., & Ting, S. C. (2014). Teacher loyalty of elementary schools in Taiwan: The contribution of gratitude and relationship quality. School Leadership and Management, 34(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2013.813453
Yousef, D. A. (2000). Organizational commitment: a mediator of the relationships of leadership behavior with job satisfaction and performance in a non‐western country. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(1), 6–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940010305270
Zameer, H., Alireza, S., NISAR, W., & AMIR, M. (2014). The Impact of the Motivation on the Employeeâ's Performance in Beverage Industry of Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarafms/v4-i1/630
Zheng, J., Wu, G., Xie, H. and Li, H. (2019), "Leadership, organizational culture, and innovative behavior in construction projects: The Perspective of behavior-value congruence", International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 888-918. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-04-2018-0068
Zhu, W., Avolio, B. J., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2009). Moderating role of follower characteristics with transformational leadership and follower work engagement. In Group and Organization Management (Vol. 34, Issue 5). https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601108331242
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