Evaluasi Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini: Identifikasi Kesesuaian Tahap Perkembangan Dan Kebutuhan Intervensi

  • Zakiah Ulya Universitas Riau
  • Asfi WE Universitas Riau
  • Ainun Alkaff Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
  • Ririn Aryani STITNU Al-Mahsuni Lombok
Keywords: child development; early childhood; milestones; DDTK

Abstract

This study aims to measure the development of kindergarten (TK) students across four main domains: fine motor skills, gross motor skills, language & speech, and social & independence, to determine whether students have achieved age-appropriate developmental milestones or require further support. The method used is a descriptive quantitative approach, with data collection through observation using the Early Childhood Developmental Detection (DDTK) instrument. The assessments were conducted individually by four observers who aligned their perceptions to ensure consistency in the measurement process. The results show that 5 students (38.5%) have development that aligns with their age milestones, 6 students (46.2%) fall into the questionable category, and 2 students (15.3%) show potential deviations from expected developmental stages. Among the developmental areas, the highest achievement percentages are found in the Social & Communication domain (93%), followed by Speech & Language (88%), Fine Motor Skills (71.5%), and Gross Motor Skills (65.4%). These results emphasize the importance of early detection and additional stimulation in the gross motor and speech & language domains to ensure optimal developmental outcomes for young children.

References

Berk, L. E., & Winsler, A. (2021). Developmental Psychology: An Introduction (10th ed.). Pearson Education.
Brown, S., Smith, A., & Jones, R. (2021). The impact of early childhood education on long-term academic achievement. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 56, 38-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.02.001
Copple, C., & Bredekamp, S. (2014). Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth Through Age 8 (3rd ed.). National Association for the Education of Young Children.
Davis, T., & Smith, J. (2023). Milestones and delays: A global perspective on early childhood development. International Journal of Early Childhood Education, 45(2), 113-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-023-00311-1
Damberg, M., & Baker, A. (2016). Early intervention in childhood: The long-term benefits of early developmental support. Child Development, 87(6), 1654-1671. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12672
Gonzalez, L., Rivera, M., & Morales, J. (2020). Early intervention and the gap in developmental milestones: A longitudinal study. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 25(4), 342-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-020-01026-2
Gupta, R., & Alford, L. (2023). Assessing the impact of early childhood developmental screenings. Child Psychology & Development, 12(1), 72-83. https://doi.org/10.1037/ced0000271
Hilliard, A. (2021). The importance of developmental milestones in early childhood education. International Journal of Early Childhood, 53(1), 45-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-021-00342-7
Jones, C., Thomas, S., & Lee, M. (2022). Using standardized observation tools to detect early developmental delays in preschool children. Early Intervention Research, 29(3), 207-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eir.2022.03.002
Kusumaningsih, S., & Sun, K. (2025). Social activities and early childhood development: Building communication skills and empathy through play. Early Childhood Education Journal, 51(4), 387-396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-025-01176-4
Maleki, Z., Miri, S. M., & Aghayan, S. (2019). The role of social interaction and group play in the development of children’s communication skills. Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(3), 417-429. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000301
Misirliyan, A. (2023). Developmental milestones in early childhood: A review of assessment and interventions. Journal of Early Childhood Development, 39(2), 120-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/10726402.2023.1959841
O'Keeffe, L., & McNally, M. (2025). The integration of play in early childhood curriculum to enhance developmental outcomes. Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 13(1), 78-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/17559303.2025.1894024
Papalia, D. E., & Feldman, R. D. (2014). Experience Human Development (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Stodden, D. F., Goodway, J. D., & Smith, L. D. (2017). The relationship between physical activity and motor skill development in early childhood. Early Childhood Education Review, 47(5), 249-261. https://doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2017.1301154
Vygotsky, L. S. (2019). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Published
2025-12-31