The Effects of Communication, Teamwork, Training, and Workload on Employee Performance: A Collective Model at a Premium Cafe and Restaurant

Abstract

This article develops a collective human resource management model that explains employee performance through communication, teamwork, training, and workload in a local premium food and beverage business. The study consolidates two quantitative survey-based studies conducted at Bukit Randu Cafe and Resto Skaye in Bandar Lampung, and deepens the data-processing stage by specifying instrument validity, reliability, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression, the coefficient of determination, and partial and simultaneous hypothesis testing. All questionnaire items are valid, as item correlations exceed the critical value of 0.233, and all constructs are reliable, with Cronbach's Alpha values above 0.60. The classical assumptions are generally satisfied: residuals are normally distributed, relationships are linear, and the communication-teamwork model is free from multicollinearity. The communication and teamwork model explains 84.8 percent of the variance in employee performance, while the training and workload model explains 86.8 percent. Communication, teamwork, and workload have significant partial effects on employee performance, whereas training is not significant in its source model. The study concludes that employee performance should be improved through clearer communication, stronger teamwork, operationally relevant training, and balanced workload management. The principal limitation is that a definitive four-predictor regression requires merged raw questionnaire data, which were not available; the article therefore reports the accurate source results and provides a transparent processing framework for the integrated model.