1. Transparency of Methods

Authors must describe their research design, participants or sources, instruments, procedures, and analysis in sufficient detail for others to evaluate or replicate the study.

2. Research Data

Authors should keep the raw data (questionnaires, interview transcripts, observation notes, test results, R&D validation sheets) for at least five years after publication, and provide them to the editors upon request during review or an integrity investigation.

3. Data Sharing

Authors are encouraged to deposit non-sensitive data and instruments in a public repository and to cite them in the article. Data that could identify participants, especially minors, must not be shared publicly.

4. Textual Sources

For literature-based and Islamic textual studies, authors must cite exact editions and pages of the works analysed so that readers can verify quotations and interpretations.