1. Research Involving People

Research involving students, teachers, parents, or communities must respect participants’ dignity, privacy, and autonomy. Authors should state that informed consent was obtained and that a research permit was secured from the relevant school, madrasah, or institution.

2. Minors

When participants are under 18 years of age, consent must be obtained from parents or guardians and from the institution, and assent from the children where appropriate. Photographs or names that could identify minors may not be published without documented permission.

3. Ethical Approval

Where required by the authors’ institution or the nature of the research, approval from an ethics committee must be obtained and reported. The editors may request evidence of permits or approval.

4. Religious and Cultural Sensitivity

Research must treat religious beliefs, practices, and communities respectfully and avoid content that demeans any group.